Accelerated computing is revolutionizing computer architectures and networking. We stand on the brink of a new industrial revolution where AI factories process, refine, and manufacture intelligence from data. Optics play a pivotal role in the evolution of these AI factories, efficiently interconnecting tens of thousands of GPUs working in parallel. The massive scale of AI clusters presents a unique opportunity for optics but also brings formidable challenges. Relentless innovation is necessary to keep pace with steep scaling trends.

Accelerated computing is a full-stack problem, demanding comprehensive re-engineering from chip to application. Out-of-the-box thinking is causing conventional technological boundaries to fade. New approaches spanning link design, packaging, and network architecture are gaining momentum. This talk aims to outline current system challenges and discuss how innovative concepts can push the envelope in future systems.